What are Salivary Gland Tumors

Salivary gland tumors can be either benign or malignant (cancers). The likelihood of malignancy varies depending on the location of the tumor. In the parotid gland, benign tumors such as pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin's tumor are more common, while in the submandibular gland, the likelihood of malignancy is higher. In minor salivary glands, the risk of malignant tumors is even greater.

Symptoms:

The most common symptoms include:

• Swelling in the area in front or below the ear.
• Pain in the facial area.
• Dysfunction of the facial nerve (issues with muscle movement in the face).

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors is made through:

• A detailed medical history and clinical examination.
• Imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI).
• Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) biopsy for cytological examination.

The definitive diagnosis is made after complete removal of the tumor and pathological examination of the tissue.

Treatment:

Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, which can take anywhere from 60 minutes to several hours, depending on the case. Special care is needed during the removal of parotid tumors, as the facial nerve, which controls facial muscles, must be protected.

• Parotidectomy (removal of a tumor from the parotid gland) can be done either with a classic incision in the face and neck area or through a facelift incision to minimize postoperative scars.

In the case of malignant tumors, treatment may involve surgery followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy, depending on the stage of the disease.

The quality of the surgery is crucial for the prognosis of the disease and the patient's quality of life.